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00:00:02,692 --> 00:00:05,082
After the Germans defeated France,
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00:00:05,229 --> 00:00:09,481
their soldiers were sent to Paris
for rest and recreation.
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00:00:20,948 --> 00:00:25,823
One of the soldiers on leave, is 19-year-old,
Lieutenant August von Kageneck.
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00:00:26,732 --> 00:00:29,515
His unit did not take part
in the French campaign.
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He is visiting the city
for the first time.
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He writes:
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We are given very strict instructions.
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We must impeccably dressed, and avoid
all contact with the population.
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00:00:42,539 --> 00:00:44,851
We're inventing mass tourism.
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00:00:47,734 --> 00:00:50,093
The French refuse to look at them.
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00:00:54,962 --> 00:00:57,354
Some, have started to fight back.
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These two men who sabotage telephone lines
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will be the first to be executed by the Germans.
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The new French state, under the authoritarian rule
of Maréchal Petain,
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chooses to collaborate with Germany.
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Petain promulgates a set of
anti Jewish statutes
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that excludes Jews from public life.
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He and Hitler have shaken hands.
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Everyday, the Wehrmacht parades.
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The Germans occupy the capital cities
of Europe
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After Prague and Warsaw,
Brussels, Luxemburg, The Hague,
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Copenhagen, and Oslo,
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but not London.
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February 1941, in the suburbs of London.
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Rose, who is only 3, has already lived
through 2 years of war.
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Timing & Viet by jdinic3@podnapisi
English by godlob@IDWS
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Rose is brave,
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and bravery is called for in Britain.
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3/6
Shock
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Great Britain's cities had been devastated
by German bombs.
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But the country stands firm
around Churchill
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and with the providential aid
of Roosevelt.
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00:03:03,939 --> 00:03:09,259
Roosevelt has just been re-elected for third term
as President of the United States.
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Though American opinion remain opposed to war,
he declares
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We must be the great arsenal
of democracy.
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Only part of the equipment he sends
to Great Britain gets through.
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Every British ship at sea
is in a great danger.
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The Atlantic ocean is crawled
by the German submarines.
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Their periscopes seek out
British vessels.
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Churchill is worried.
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Soon, nothing will get through
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and the outcome of the war
seems uncertain.
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Great Britain is an island,
This is an advantage as well as a disadvantage.
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But it is the best hope for the countries
under occupation.
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The German submarines, or U-boats, now have
the French harbors at their disposals.
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Grouped into packs, using torpedoes
and cannons
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These 'Wolves of the Atlantics' succeeded in sinking
4,000,000 tons of British shipping.
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in 1941 alone.
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Here, German submariners toss loafs of bread
to a shipwrecked crew
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who have almost no chance of surviving.
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They will die of thirst, of hunger, of cold
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or by choking on oil.
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Hitler is delighted with the success
of his submarines
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but America's massive re-armament
program worries him.
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He tells his secretary, Bormann,
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In one year, The United States will be
ready to go to war.
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If we are to face them, we need
more war materials.
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those materials are in the East.
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We need to conquer
that 'Living Space'.
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then, Britain will lose all hope,
and make peace,
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and it will be too late for
the Americans.
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Let us attack Russia
as soon as possible.
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Hitler codenamed the plan
"Operation Barbarossa"
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after the medieval emperor,
Frederick Barbarossa.
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The Wehrmacht started to concentrate
its troop in the East.
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00:06:06,571 --> 00:06:09,575
Lieutenant von Kageneck leaves
for Poland.
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00:06:13,851 --> 00:06:18,330
Polish prisoners and Jews have been put to work
in various construction projects.
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00:06:18,991 --> 00:06:21,732
Hitler wants to build a motorway
across Poland
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00:06:21,796 --> 00:06:25,600
in order to move his army over to
the new border of the Russia.
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00:06:35,909 --> 00:06:38,786
This is where the 9th Panzer Division
is installed
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along with von Kageneck's regiment.
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He writes:
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Next to us is an SS youth.
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The commander asks:
- Do you want to see a Jew?
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He makes a sign and a soldier
brings over a little man.
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How many people have you
been stolen from today?
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The man doesn't reply.
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Beat him 10 times with the stick
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We were appalled. So this is our occupation
of Poland?
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00:07:06,134 --> 00:07:08,326
We had heard fake stories of cruelty,
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but it was impossible to know
what was really going on.
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This country has become
the country of silence.
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We didn't know that this was the beginning of the genocide
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to which we will lend our hands
and our courage.
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00:07:31,111 --> 00:07:34,518
Hitler diverse his plans for
an offensive in the East.
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00:07:34,632 --> 00:07:36,897
He has to help out his ally,
Mussolini
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00:07:37,094 --> 00:07:40,208
who wants to fight his own
separate war.
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00:07:41,611 --> 00:07:45,088
Il Duce has just been routed
by British in Africa.
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00:07:48,688 --> 00:07:52,367
The Italian army is in disarray
in the desert.
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To rescue Mussolini from disaster
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00:07:55,443 --> 00:07:58,691
Hitler dispatches one of his best generals
over to Libya.
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00:07:59,298 --> 00:08:04,938
General Rommel, along with his armored division.
The Afrikakorp
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00:08:14,228 --> 00:08:16,682
In Germany, Rommel is a big hero.
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00:08:16,885 --> 00:08:22,889
He is the man who took Cambrai, Arras, Rouen and Cherbourg
in May and June of 1940.
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00:08:23,936 --> 00:08:25,681
And he is a true Nazi.
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00:08:25,789 --> 00:08:30,820
a devotee who has served Hitler with great zeal
and efficiency from the very beginning.
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00:08:31,536 --> 00:08:36,044
Rommel believes in tanks
and in a 'lightning war'.
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00:08:36,315 --> 00:08:40,696
He quickly orders the Afrikakorp to set off
to the British position.
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00:08:51,665 --> 00:08:54,341
Rommel is already making
a name for himself.
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00:08:54,733 --> 00:09:00,098
The British circulated his picture with the description,
"This man is dangerous."
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00:09:02,690 --> 00:09:07,351
Hitler attacks Greece, the country that Mussolini
has already tried to take
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00:09:09,404 --> 00:09:13,369
After his 'blitzkrieg' in the Balkans and his occupation
over the Yugoslavia.
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He drops his paratroopers over Crete.
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Hitler has secured his southern flank
for the invasion of Russia
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but he lost precious time.
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Operation Barbarossa has been delayed
for several weeks.
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00:09:31,724 --> 00:09:35,807
A grand military parade is traditionally
held in Moscow's Red Square
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to celebrate International Workers Day.
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00:09:38,767 --> 00:09:41,446
Special preparations have gone into this one, however,
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Stalin wants to make a big impression
on the Germans.
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He's been receiving information from his spies
warning of the imminence of an attack.
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But he finds it hard to believe that Hitler
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would dare to break German-Soviet
Non-aggression Pact, so soon.
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The Germans are attending the parade,
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and Marshall Timoshenko, The People Commissar
and Stalin's Defense Minister
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seems to salute them with great respect.
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Hitler is ready to attack
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but he wants to avoid
fighting on 2 fronts.
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He would like to make peace
with Great Britain first.
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In the suburb of London, in a house that
has been spared from the German bombs
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Rose is helping her parents who
is listening to the radio.
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Suddenly, an astonishing announcement
comes over the BBC.
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00:10:45,277 --> 00:10:48,948
In Scotland, near Glasgow, the remains
of a German plane
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00:10:49,038 --> 00:10:52,164
Messerschmitt 110 has been found.
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Its pilot bailed out by parachute.
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He turned out to be a top-ranked Nazi
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Hitler's deputy, Rudolf Hess.
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He says:
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I have come in a mission of peace.
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Hess was one of Hitler first supporters
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and he is one of the most fanatical.
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The Party is Hitler
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Hitler is Germany
Germany is Hitler!
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00:11:28,041 --> 00:11:33,600
Hess feels that the role he has played is not being as glorious
as that of other Nazi leaders.
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He wants to prove to his Fuhrer, that he,
Rudolf Hess, is the only person
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capable of finding a way out of
the conflict with Great Britain.
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But he is immediately locked up.
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Churchill rejects his overtures,
and Hitler disowns him.
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Hess will remain in prison
for the rest of his life.
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Meanwhile, intelligence reports indicate that Hitler
is planning to invade the Soviet Union,
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but Stalin ignores the reports
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00:12:07,854 --> 00:12:11,231
just as he ignores the last message
sent in by Richard Sorge,
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00:12:11,308 --> 00:12:13,799
a Soviet spy based in Tokyo.
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00:12:13,885 --> 00:12:18,795
The document dated May 30, 1941,
warns of the German attack.
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00:12:19,810 --> 00:12:23,466
In fact, Stalin continues to send
war materials to the Reich.
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00:12:23,755 --> 00:12:26,728
Since the signing of the German-Soviet
Non-aggression Pact,
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he has exported thousands of tons of oil, chrome,
and nickel to Germany.
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All of which, help Hitler to conquer France.
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00:12:37,481 --> 00:12:41,889
The last train load was sent off
on the night of June 21, 1941.
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Carrying tons of wheat, this train crosses
over the border at midnight.
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00:12:47,958 --> 00:12:52,563
And on June 22, at 3 AM, without
officially declaring war,
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The first Wehrmacht sapper’s stealth over
into Russian territory.
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They are followed by 153 German Divisions,
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As well as the Finnish, Romanian,
Slovakian, and Hungarian troops.
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00:13:17,596 --> 00:13:20,458
There is a division of Spanish fascist.
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3,000,000 million men, along with
600,000 trucks,
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many of which were made by French manufacturer,
such as Berliet and Renault.
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00:13:34,649 --> 00:13:40,244
More than 3,000 tanks,
7,000 cannons,
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00:13:41,454 --> 00:13:45,135
3,000 aero planes.
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00:13:53,565 --> 00:13:54,965
Within 24 hours,
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00:13:55,055 --> 00:14:00,704
1,500 Soviet aircraft are
wiped out on the ground.
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00:14:04,721 --> 00:14:08,714
300 more Russian planes are
shot down by the Germans.
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00:14:09,757 --> 00:14:12,305
Taken by surprise,
over-powered,
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00:14:12,403 --> 00:14:16,649
The Soviet Air Force are suffered
a devastating blow.
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00:14:20,699 --> 00:14:24,752
The German offensive is unleashed across 3,000 km
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00:14:24,853 --> 00:14:27,004
and in 3 different directions.
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00:14:27,356 --> 00:14:31,105
In the north, the ideological target,
Leningrad.
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00:14:31,176 --> 00:14:35,832
Lenin city, the cradle of the Russian revolution,
modern day's St. Petersburg.
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00:14:39,595 --> 00:14:44,631
In the center, the political target,
Moscow, Stalin's capital.
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00:14:45,843 --> 00:14:50,536
In the south, the economic target,
Kiev, at the Ukraine.
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Our armies are thrusting to the east
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Into Russian land
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Comrades, take your guns!
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00:15:04,497 --> 00:15:07,543
Victory will be ours
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From Finland to the Black Sea
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Forward, forward!
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00:15:16,086 --> 00:15:19,729
Forward to the east, storming army
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00:15:19,833 --> 00:15:22,887
Freedom is our goal
179
00:15:23,813 --> 00:15:26,043
Victory is our banner
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00:15:26,887 --> 00:15:30,157
Fuhrer, order us!
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00:15:30,289 --> 00:15:32,681
We will follow you!
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00:15:32,944 --> 00:15:37,971
In the northern Baltic states, The German
are sometimes hailed as liberators.
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00:15:41,590 --> 00:15:46,087
After Stalin's reign of terror, anything
is better than the NKVD.
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00:15:46,222 --> 00:15:50,604
The ruthless Soviet Secret Police,
responsible for political repression.
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00:15:51,515 --> 00:15:56,294
Forced to pull out, they execute the Baltic
anti-communists in the prisons.
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00:15:57,453 --> 00:16:01,993
Local anti-Semites accused the Jews are being in collision
with the communists.
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00:16:03,042 --> 00:16:05,660
Jews are forced to carry the corpses.
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00:16:13,739 --> 00:16:18,352
Across the Baltic states, people started
organizing pogrom against Jews
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00:16:18,431 --> 00:16:21,461
which the German encourages with special instruction like:
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00:16:21,593 --> 00:16:24,722
Do not leave any traces.
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00:16:27,628 --> 00:16:31,218
Burning the bodies is one way
eliminating them.
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00:16:40,022 --> 00:16:42,322
On the central line,
General Guderian,
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00:16:42,428 --> 00:16:45,131
German tank strategist and the proponent
of the blitzkrieg
194
00:16:45,206 --> 00:16:47,797
is held up by the Stalin line.
195
00:16:47,906 --> 00:16:52,238
A series of fortifications that the panzer grenadier
have to take by a sword.
196
00:16:56,716 --> 00:16:59,463
Guderian continues to advance.
197
00:17:07,510 --> 00:17:12,228
But an unforeseen factor soon slows down
his fine motorized unit,
198
00:17:12,690 --> 00:17:14,902
as described by von Kageneck:
199
00:17:15,853 --> 00:17:19,481
We advance in our armored cars and
the dust envelopes us.
200
00:17:19,810 --> 00:17:23,450
We're in Russia, where road
and asphalts don't exist.
201
00:17:24,031 --> 00:17:28,312
It's awful. The sticky yellow or
red dust gets into everything
202
00:17:28,461 --> 00:17:32,712
into your eyes, your nose,
your mouth.
203
00:17:35,753 --> 00:17:39,896
Under such condition, these men moves
50 km a day.
204
00:17:40,331 --> 00:17:45,258
They've marched all the way through Warsaw,
to Oslo, to Bayonne.
205
00:17:46,707 --> 00:17:50,887
They are beginning to realize
just how vast Russia is.
206
00:17:59,719 --> 00:18:05,509
Hundreds and hundreds of kilometers go by,
without a single village in sight.
207
00:18:05,645 --> 00:18:07,299
It is becoming harder and harder
208
00:18:07,405 --> 00:18:11,559
for the supply, fuel, and ammunition trucks
to get through.
209
00:18:14,711 --> 00:18:18,563
But there is another situation that
the German soldiers must deal with.
210
00:18:18,647 --> 00:18:21,674
The Russian are putting up
a good defense.
211
00:18:25,495 --> 00:18:29,074
A new type of Russian tank
appears on the scene
212
00:18:29,161 --> 00:18:31,241
and this is a big surprise.
213
00:18:31,662 --> 00:18:34,887
The T-34, a 30 ton monster
214
00:18:34,967 --> 00:18:39,612
equipped with a formidable cannon and
wide tracks that can go anywhere.
215
00:18:40,933 --> 00:18:45,012
It is superior to the German tanks
in gun power and armor thickness
216
00:18:45,435 --> 00:18:50,406
but has only rudimentary radios,
and clunky gearboxes.
217
00:18:56,584 --> 00:19:01,632
The only weapon powerful enough to neutralize it
is the German "88" cannon
218
00:19:13,628 --> 00:19:18,227
Still, the German is better armed
and they're army is stronger.
219
00:19:22,647 --> 00:19:28,606
But these 'Ivans', as they call the Russian,
will fight to the nail, until the very end.
220
00:19:32,309 --> 00:19:35,030
The Russian have already suffered
heavy losses,
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00:19:35,171 --> 00:19:38,416
but the German casualties
were also rising.
222
00:19:51,916 --> 00:19:55,560
The Germans continue to make progress
towards their 3 goals.
223
00:19:55,635 --> 00:20:01,022
Leningrad, Moscow, and Kiev
by capturing entire armies.
224
00:20:05,481 --> 00:20:09,730
Hitler's orders are to immediately executes
all political commissars,
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00:20:10,192 --> 00:20:13,467
members of the Communist Party whose
job is to oversee the officers
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00:20:13,884 --> 00:20:16,786
and keep an eye on the soldiers
in each military unit.
227
00:20:17,657 --> 00:20:20,605
Guderian is opposed to
this criminal order.
228
00:20:21,493 --> 00:20:26,228
However, according to the Commander of
the 4th Panzer Army Group, General Hopner:
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00:20:26,440 --> 00:20:30,008
This war must be led with
unprecedented brutality.
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00:20:30,104 --> 00:20:33,241
There is to be no mercy
for the Bolsheviks.
231
00:20:41,317 --> 00:20:44,185
The Bolsheviks, the Russian,
fight desperately
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00:20:44,287 --> 00:20:49,532
with fewer and fewer weapons, often with
only one riffle for 4 men.
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00:20:57,218 --> 00:21:00,851
They are forced to retreat
along the entire front.
234
00:21:07,466 --> 00:21:10,098
For Stalin, things are looking very bad.
235
00:21:17,722 --> 00:21:19,727
With his heavy, Georgian accent,
236
00:21:19,806 --> 00:21:23,128
he pronounces words he's
never used before.
237
00:21:23,223 --> 00:21:28,511
He calls the Russians, 'my brothers' and 'my sisters'.
He tells them the truth:
238
00:21:29,085 --> 00:21:34,835
We are under attack by Hitler's Germany.
The enemy is cruel and implacable.
239
00:21:35,231 --> 00:21:37,983
A grave danger hangs
over our country.
240
00:21:39,407 --> 00:21:41,734
In the darkest hour, he dares
to predict:
241
00:21:41,921 --> 00:21:46,168
Is it true that the German fascists
are invincible?
242
00:21:46,283 --> 00:21:50,908
Napoleon's army is considered invincible,
but it was beaten.
243
00:22:08,682 --> 00:22:12,428
He orders the factories along with
their machines and their workers
244
00:22:12,525 --> 00:22:16,705
to relocate to the East,
to the Ural mountains.
245
00:22:18,797 --> 00:22:22,083
And he gives farmers and peasants
an absolute order:
246
00:22:22,196 --> 00:22:26,582
Leave, leave your izba, your house.
Destroy everything.
247
00:22:26,673 --> 00:22:32,553
Leave behind nothing that can be of any use
to the fascist-Hitler-right aggressors.
248
00:22:33,757 --> 00:22:37,028
This is Stalin's Scorched Earth Policy.
249
00:22:46,442 --> 00:22:49,846
The German officers have not forgotten
about Napoleon.
250
00:22:52,692 --> 00:22:56,677
In 1812, the Russians defeated
Napoleon's Grand Army
251
00:22:56,778 --> 00:22:59,299
by burning their towns and fields.
252
00:22:59,898 --> 00:23:04,280
And then massacre the French in
the Battle of Berezina.
253
00:23:04,816 --> 00:23:09,176
In early July 1941, the Germans also
reach the Berezina River,
254
00:23:09,306 --> 00:23:12,648
on the central front and
they keep going.
255
00:23:13,864 --> 00:23:16,290
Resistance by the Soviet is
growing stronger.
256
00:23:17,887 --> 00:23:21,901
On the other side of the river, an unpleasant
surprise awaits the Germans.
257
00:23:22,680 --> 00:23:25,337
The Russian has set up
a new kind of artillery,
258
00:23:26,165 --> 00:23:30,876
a rocket launcher called
'Stalin's Organ' or 'Katyusha'
259
00:23:31,279 --> 00:23:34,234
that was a sound like a mess of
organ pipes.
260
00:23:35,141 --> 00:23:37,781
A most terrifying weapon.
261
00:23:44,141 --> 00:23:46,876
But nothing can stop
the German advance.
262
00:23:48,636 --> 00:23:51,371
By mid-July, they have reached
Smolensk,
263
00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:54,124
the last big city before Moscow.
264
00:23:59,807 --> 00:24:03,144
The battle of Smolensk
lasts 3 weeks.
265
00:24:13,336 --> 00:24:15,641
The Russians fight
until the very end
266
00:24:15,733 --> 00:24:19,753
despite the calls for surrender coming over
the German land speakers.
267
00:24:21,698 --> 00:24:24,407
Surrender!
268
00:24:24,602 --> 00:24:28,621
You will be treated well.
269
00:24:30,360 --> 00:24:33,161
Very few are taken
prisoner.
270
00:24:33,863 --> 00:24:38,797
Some of the survivors go into hiding in
the deep forest and become insurgents.
271
00:24:48,713 --> 00:24:53,294
They are joined by many peasants and farmers,
whom they train to fight.
272
00:24:54,261 --> 00:24:59,583
They hunt down traitors and disrupt
enemy's communication lines.
273
00:25:07,011 --> 00:25:09,844
The ‘Grizzle’ are brutal.
The Fuhrer orders:
274
00:25:10,152 --> 00:25:15,288
Immediately liquidate all people suspected of harboring
even the smallest amount of hostility.
275
00:25:26,981 --> 00:25:31,551
Hitler consults with the Wehrmacht's commander-in-chief,
Field Marshall Keitel.
276
00:25:34,908 --> 00:25:37,843
Operation Barbarossa is slowing down.
277
00:25:38,893 --> 00:25:44,270
Some of the generals believe that Hitler's strategy of using
a 3-prompt attack is to blame.
278
00:25:51,074 --> 00:25:54,863
Instead Marshall von Bock, commander of
the army group center
279
00:25:54,982 --> 00:25:58,181
wants all of his forces focused
on Moscow.
280
00:25:58,502 --> 00:26:02,471
Hitler does not like generals
who dare to contradict him.
281
00:26:06,072 --> 00:26:09,265
General Guderian is there,
he insists:
282
00:26:09,472 --> 00:26:12,739
We're only 350 km away
from Moscow now.
283
00:26:14,124 --> 00:26:15,331
You understand nothing, says the Fuhrer.
284
00:26:15,657 --> 00:26:18,382
You know nothing of
all time economics.
285
00:26:18,657 --> 00:26:20,955
First, we need the wheat
from the Ukraine,
286
00:26:21,061 --> 00:26:24,245
so that they don't starve as
they did in the previous war.
287
00:26:24,547 --> 00:26:28,739
Moscow is nothing but a symbol.
We'll take care of it later.
288
00:26:29,079 --> 00:26:32,024
He orders Guderian to swing south
towards Kiev
289
00:26:32,152 --> 00:26:36,046
in order to close the ***** around
the Russian armies still operating
290
00:26:36,138 --> 00:26:39,007
in pockets to the rear
of the Wehrmacht.
291
00:26:46,031 --> 00:26:49,474
It will be the biggest encirclement
of all time.
292
00:26:49,822 --> 00:26:55,221
The Germans capture 600,000 Russian soldiers
in one fell swoop.
293
00:26:56,590 --> 00:26:59,138
Himmler comes through
on a visit.
294
00:26:59,245 --> 00:27:02,608
No provision had been made
to feed the prisoners.
295
00:27:05,891 --> 00:27:07,564
With supreme indifference,
296
00:27:07,670 --> 00:27:10,980
Himmler contemplates those he calls
the 'untermensch',
297
00:27:11,114 --> 00:27:13,176
or 'sub-human'.
298
00:27:14,002 --> 00:27:17,505
He will coldly let them
starve to death.
299
00:27:23,002 --> 00:27:25,067
Lieutenant von Kageneck writes:
300
00:27:25,346 --> 00:27:27,343
We live quite well in the Ukraine.
301
00:27:27,458 --> 00:27:32,094
We had everything we needed: eggs, butter,
fruits, milk, wine,
302
00:27:32,226 --> 00:27:35,518
an excellent red wine from the area
around the Black Sea.
303
00:27:45,850 --> 00:27:46,749
He goes on:
304
00:27:46,848 --> 00:27:50,817
The Ukrainians will come up to us,
smiling, filled with joy.
305
00:27:50,936 --> 00:27:53,125
The women will bring us
bread and honey.
306
00:27:53,385 --> 00:27:56,448
They shore us as
their liberators.
307
00:28:02,882 --> 00:28:07,287
The Ukrainians have many reasons to hate
the Russians, and especially Stalin,
308
00:28:07,578 --> 00:28:11,494
who in the early 30s, orchestrated
a massive starvation policy
309
00:28:11,577 --> 00:28:14,844
that killed as many as
7,000,000 people.
310
00:28:15,102 --> 00:28:20,664
Many Ukrainians, some anti-Semitic, also incriminated
the Jews and carry out pogroms
311
00:28:20,937 --> 00:28:24,784
such as here in Zolochiv, while
the Germans look on.
312
00:28:28,697 --> 00:28:32,819
In fact, many Ukrainians
side with the Nazis.
313
00:28:35,591 --> 00:28:39,197
But Germany will spoil this opportunity
to gain an ally.
314
00:28:39,563 --> 00:28:44,159
Marshall Goering, the second highest ranking figure
in the Reich, comes to the Ukraine.
315
00:28:44,626 --> 00:28:45,465
He says:
316
00:28:45,769 --> 00:28:48,004
No useless mouth to feed
317
00:28:48,115 --> 00:28:52,252
Those who could work, have to work for the Reich.
The rest, will die.
318
00:28:52,829 --> 00:28:57,676
Those who work have to give everything they have
until they themselves die.
319
00:29:09,130 --> 00:29:13,227
Goering is here to implement this policy
of enslaving the Ukraine
320
00:29:13,324 --> 00:29:17,028
and to carry out the methodical annihilation
of the Jews.
321
00:29:17,308 --> 00:29:22,188
He is accompanied by Alfred Rosenberg,
a central theoretician of Nazi racism.
322
00:29:29,093 --> 00:29:34,489
Himmler and Heydrich set up execution commandos
called 'einsatz grupen',
323
00:29:34,588 --> 00:29:39,243
for the compose of SS members, policemen,
and Wehrmacht soldiers,
324
00:29:39,368 --> 00:29:41,878
who round up the Jews.
325
00:29:48,016 --> 00:29:51,699
The SS take the Jews into the woods
and give them shovels
326
00:29:51,799 --> 00:29:55,536
so that they can dig
their own graves.
327
00:30:14,133 --> 00:30:17,108
But they decide that this process
is too slow.
328
00:30:17,194 --> 00:30:20,413
So they order long, common graves to be dug
329
00:30:20,508 --> 00:30:25,479
and make their victims lay down on top of
the last group of dead bodies
330
00:30:47,455 --> 00:30:50,974
But even this procedure
takes too long.
331
00:30:51,093 --> 00:30:56,207
The SS prepare a ravine known as 'Babi Yar',
near Kiev.
332
00:30:59,412 --> 00:31:05,361
33,771 Jews will be executed
in 2 days.
333
00:31:06,170 --> 00:31:09,549
Men, women, and children.
334
00:31:16,623 --> 00:31:20,802
In this 'living hell', as in hundreds of others
through out the front,
335
00:31:20,944 --> 00:31:24,403
the executioners take picture of
their victims
336
00:31:26,156 --> 00:31:30,412
This premeditated, cold-blooded massacre
of a million of Jews
337
00:31:30,718 --> 00:31:34,716
will come to be known as
'The Holocaust by bullets'.
338
00:31:35,664 --> 00:31:37,553
But Himmler is not pleased.
339
00:31:37,679 --> 00:31:42,038
He has attended one of the 'einsatz grupens'
so called 'actionz'.
340
00:31:42,244 --> 00:31:46,625
Noticing the psychological burden of this mass killing
have for his soldiers,
341
00:31:46,753 --> 00:31:49,772
he begins searching
alternative methods.
342
00:31:50,666 --> 00:31:56,137
This would lead to the use of a gas van with exhaust pipe
hooked up to their rear compartments.
343
00:31:56,394 --> 00:32:00,035
And a year later, the gas chambers.
344
00:32:01,765 --> 00:32:05,452
In the north, the long siege
of Leningrad begins.
345
00:32:17,195 --> 00:32:19,464
The Germans have their plan:
346
00:32:19,549 --> 00:32:21,203
Instead of fighting in the streets,
347
00:32:21,285 --> 00:32:26,258
we'll let our artillery and starvation
do the job.
348
00:32:45,967 --> 00:32:48,352
City buildings are destroyed.
349
00:32:57,086 --> 00:33:00,406
A zoo elephant is the victim of
an air raid.
350
00:33:02,807 --> 00:33:06,286
Food ration soon fall below
the minimum necessary.
351
00:33:06,996 --> 00:33:10,831
But the worst is to come with the arrival
of winter.
352
00:33:15,209 --> 00:33:18,314
In the south, Guderian finally received
the order from Hitler
353
00:33:18,420 --> 00:33:23,551
to rejoin the other armies up north,
and proceeds towards Moscow.
354
00:33:28,932 --> 00:33:32,873
Along this enormous front,
from Leningrad to Odessa
355
00:33:33,010 --> 00:33:36,628
the thrust towards Moscow
seems unstoppable.
356
00:33:41,841 --> 00:33:45,812
The Germans take another
700,000 prisoners.
357
00:33:49,182 --> 00:33:52,339
General Jodl, chief of staff
of the Wehrmacht says:
358
00:33:52,632 --> 00:33:54,757
We have won the war.
359
00:34:03,291 --> 00:34:04,786
von Kageneck writes:
360
00:34:04,951 --> 00:34:08,296
We suddenly have to deal with
the most frightful adversary,
361
00:34:08,401 --> 00:34:13,526
the autumn rain and mud, which the Russians
called "rasputiza".
362
00:34:13,642 --> 00:34:18,571
Endless mud so gluey and sticky that
it sucks and hold onto everything.
363
00:34:18,667 --> 00:34:20,297
They won't let go of anything,
364
00:34:20,379 --> 00:34:24,826
whether it be a tank, a truck,
a horse, or a man.
365
00:34:33,574 --> 00:34:35,708
It makes any movement impossible.
366
00:34:35,801 --> 00:34:40,328
We do 5 to 8 km a day,
instead of 30.
367
00:34:41,598 --> 00:34:45,609
Putting one foot in front of the other
require superhuman effort.
368
00:34:45,745 --> 00:34:50,204
The panzer, the pride of the Wehrmacht,
are brought to a stand still.
369
00:35:02,247 --> 00:35:04,131
Hitler writes to his troops:
370
00:35:04,279 --> 00:35:06,315
Soldiers in the eastern front,
371
00:35:06,414 --> 00:35:11,117
Comrades, today begins the last,
great decisive battle.
372
00:35:19,267 --> 00:35:23,389
And all at once, the German army starts
moving again towards Moscow
373
00:35:23,483 --> 00:35:27,019
because the frost has come
and harden the ground.
374
00:35:27,123 --> 00:35:32,468
The world is holding its breath.
Will Hitler defeat Stalin?
375
00:35:35,898 --> 00:35:38,788
This is when the rightwing extremists
in the occupied countries
376
00:35:39,009 --> 00:35:41,917
start signing up to serve
in the German Army.
377
00:35:42,514 --> 00:35:45,166
Belgians, Danes, Dutchmen,
378
00:35:45,414 --> 00:35:49,068
and the young men in the LVF
(Legion French Volunteers),
379
00:35:49,546 --> 00:35:54,896
decide to don the German uniform
and fight on the Eastern Front.
380
00:36:04,251 --> 00:36:05,971
They will suffer.
381
00:36:06,084 --> 00:36:10,725
An early cold front sweeps through
begin in November 1941.
382
00:36:10,830 --> 00:36:15,728
Temperatures will plummet
to almost -40 degrees Celsius.
383
00:36:16,610 --> 00:36:20,968
The Wehrmacht was designed to conduct
a blitzkrieg, a lightning war.
384
00:36:21,209 --> 00:36:25,024
It was supposed to bring Russia
to its knees in 4 months.
385
00:36:25,949 --> 00:36:28,396
It is not equipped for winter.
386
00:36:28,593 --> 00:36:30,502
Guderian writes in his memoirs:
387
00:36:31,261 --> 00:36:35,471
It was a sight to see those half starved,
insufficiently clothed men
388
00:36:35,563 --> 00:36:38,336
fight over a poor shelter.
389
00:36:39,577 --> 00:36:42,593
They fight to control even
the tiniest village.
390
00:36:51,247 --> 00:36:55,591
Losing a village, losing even a single izba
means death.
391
00:36:56,951 --> 00:37:00,187
The men die of cold,
or of dysentery.
392
00:37:00,431 --> 00:37:04,770
Diarrhea makes them run off
30 times a day.
393
00:37:04,877 --> 00:37:07,667
Doctor Haape, the Wehrmacht physician
warns them:
394
00:37:07,754 --> 00:37:12,644
You have to choose: if you pull down your trousers,
you'll freeze to death.
395
00:37:12,739 --> 00:37:17,939
You must take a pat the seam in the back,
so you won't have to pull them down.
396
00:37:19,828 --> 00:37:23,227
In sharp contrasts, the men in Afrikakorp,
in the desert
397
00:37:23,324 --> 00:37:27,437
are able to fry egg on the top of the sizzling
surfaces of their tanks,
398
00:37:27,543 --> 00:37:30,972
while listening to the war song,
"Lili Marlene".
399
00:37:46,295 --> 00:37:50,600
The war in the desert has also getting
bogged down, in the sand.
400
00:37:51,196 --> 00:37:53,481
Petrol and food supply are lacking.
401
00:37:53,885 --> 00:37:56,499
Rommel has to order a halt.
402
00:37:56,740 --> 00:37:59,225
However, he is planning
a new offensive
403
00:37:59,313 --> 00:38:03,339
And new sacrifices for his men
in the Afrikakorp.
404
00:38:06,401 --> 00:38:08,368
Meanwhile, on the road to Moscow,
405
00:38:08,468 --> 00:38:12,514
The Germans are no longer able to wash
or change their clothes.
406
00:38:13,534 --> 00:38:17,582
Like their enemies, they are driven crazy
by lice, and parasites
407
00:38:17,695 --> 00:38:20,154
that bring scabies and typhus.
408
00:38:20,772 --> 00:38:25,464
Napoleon's Grand Army lost over
100,000 men to typhus.
409
00:38:26,451 --> 00:38:29,432
In spite of it all, the Wehrmacht
pushes on.
410
00:38:35,971 --> 00:38:39,242
The German vanguard reaches
the outskirts of Moscow,
411
00:38:39,367 --> 00:38:43,913
and even in the end of a bus line that
goes straight to Red Square.
412
00:38:47,602 --> 00:38:50,987
While the Soviet army holds back
the advancing German troops,
413
00:38:51,088 --> 00:38:56,948
Stalin orders the parade commemorating the anniversary
of the revolution to be held as usual.
414
00:39:02,765 --> 00:39:05,626
To galvanize his troops, Stalin makes a speech
415
00:39:05,725 --> 00:39:11,705
that invokes forbidden images from the past,
the great soldiers from the time of the Tsars.
416
00:39:15,354 --> 00:39:18,049
Be worthy of your glorious ancestors,
417
00:39:18,149 --> 00:39:23,230
Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Pozharsky,
418
00:39:23,331 --> 00:39:27,833
Alexander Suvorov, and Mikhail Kutuzov.
419
00:39:30,229 --> 00:39:35,302
Stalin has organized Moscow's defense in conjunction
with one of his most brilliant generals.
420
00:39:35,437 --> 00:39:39,287
A tank specialist considered to be
the Russian equivalent of Guderian,
421
00:39:39,385 --> 00:39:42,614
45 years old, General Zhukov.
422
00:39:44,043 --> 00:39:46,113
Luck is on Zhukov's side.
423
00:39:46,207 --> 00:39:51,405
Sorge, the Soviet spy, has discovered that Japan,
though it is Hitler's ally
424
00:39:51,536 --> 00:39:56,856
has not decided to attack Russia, because
its primary enemy is The United States.
425
00:39:57,663 --> 00:40:02,051
This enable Zhukov to reduce the number
of troops in the Far East.
426
00:40:02,130 --> 00:40:06,581
He brings over several of the Siberian Divisions,
they are well equipped.
427
00:40:08,040 --> 00:40:10,300
Siberians are not afraid of the cold.
428
00:40:10,386 --> 00:40:14,222
They are rugged, outdoors men,
who used into using their whips.
429
00:40:14,537 --> 00:40:17,539
They've brought their ski, and
their reindeer with them,
430
00:40:18,138 --> 00:40:21,806
And now they are going hunting,
for Germans.
431
00:40:22,224 --> 00:40:25,982
Zhukov wants to trap the Wehrmacht
on a pinsel movement.
432
00:41:37,753 --> 00:41:41,761
Some 30,000 Germans are
killed or missing.
433
00:41:47,608 --> 00:41:49,853
Thousands are sent off to Siberia.
434
00:41:51,406 --> 00:41:54,329
Their struggle with the cold
are far from over.
435
00:41:54,460 --> 00:41:59,523
Less than 1 in 3 will return home,
almost 15 years later.
436
00:42:05,131 --> 00:42:09,722
August von Kageneck is severely wounded
and evacuated back to Germany.
437
00:42:10,124 --> 00:42:11,086
He writes:
438
00:42:11,643 --> 00:42:15,178
Faith disappears, doubt become obsessive,
439
00:42:15,456 --> 00:42:18,767
Death becomes your best friend,
men's only friend,
440
00:42:19,088 --> 00:42:22,317
because it will deliver you,
from your suffering.
441
00:42:23,679 --> 00:42:26,580
The suffering of the Russian
is not over either.
442
00:42:26,677 --> 00:42:28,554
Their country has been ravage,
443
00:42:28,654 --> 00:42:33,106
Moscow has been saved, but millions of people
have been killed, or taken prisoner,
444
00:42:33,392 --> 00:42:36,290
and the danger is still there.
445
00:42:57,375 --> 00:43:01,007
The Wehrmacht has been pushed back 200km.
446
00:43:02,049 --> 00:43:06,051
Hitler orders his army to defend
that new line at all costs.
447
00:43:06,434 --> 00:43:10,401
He dismisses 35 generals,
including Guderian,
448
00:43:10,509 --> 00:43:13,825
and takes personal charge
of the Wehrmacht.
449
00:43:21,161 --> 00:43:24,334
He was succeeded in re-establishing
his army's position,
450
00:43:24,445 --> 00:43:27,760
Re-equipping his troops, and
plotting his revenge.
451
00:43:27,841 --> 00:43:31,530
The Wehrmacht remains firmly
planted in Russia.
452
00:43:35,292 --> 00:43:39,564
Hitler returns to his dogs back
in his chalet in Bavaria.
453
00:43:41,113 --> 00:43:43,421
It is opinion the defeat
454
00:43:43,550 --> 00:43:46,507
before Moscow was the fort of his generals
and his diplomats.
455
00:43:46,823 --> 00:43:51,095
Weren't they the one's who would claim the France
and the Britain wouldn't go to war for Poland?
456
00:43:51,847 --> 00:43:54,843
and of the Abwehr, the German Intelligence Service,
457
00:43:54,942 --> 00:43:58,307
that misinformed them about
the state of the Russian army.
458
00:43:58,933 --> 00:43:59,834
Hitler adds:
459
00:44:00,302 --> 00:44:04,607
The Bolshevik army is made up from peasants
who fight with barbarian and consciousness,
460
00:44:04,725 --> 00:44:09,197
and workers, trained by fanatical mysticism
of communism.
461
00:44:12,016 --> 00:44:14,623
But Hitler believes in his 'lucky star',
462
00:44:15,002 --> 00:44:17,302
he will prevail.
463
00:44:20,974 --> 00:44:24,718
He can enjoy himself in the company
of his 'sacred' fans
464
00:44:25,679 --> 00:44:29,491
Here, Bormann' mistress introduces him
to a German movie star,
465
00:44:29,626 --> 00:44:32,430
the actress, Magda Schneider.
466
00:44:43,028 --> 00:44:48,377
Not far away, her daughter, Romy Schneider,
plays with Bormann's children.
467
00:44:49,927 --> 00:44:52,619
Life in Germany is still carefree.
468
00:44:52,720 --> 00:44:55,160
The massive bombing has not yet begun
469
00:44:55,271 --> 00:44:59,580
and those who sacrifice their life
in Moscow are so far away
470
00:44:59,949 --> 00:45:02,166
deep in the snow.
471
00:45:04,344 --> 00:45:07,128
Two days after Hitler's major defeat,
472
00:45:07,228 --> 00:45:10,273
his ally, Japan, launches a surprise attack
473
00:45:10,374 --> 00:45:15,428
on the United States big naval base
in the Pacific, Pearl Harbor.
474
00:45:16,809 --> 00:45:19,144
And with this wave of Japanese planes,
475
00:45:19,242 --> 00:45:23,535
the war becomes a 'world war'.
476
00:45:28,612 --> 00:45:33,308
In London, Rose dances.
She's already dreaming of Christmas.
477
00:45:34,468 --> 00:45:36,328
She hears her parents say,
478
00:45:36,484 --> 00:45:39,338
Now the Americans will fight on our side,
479
00:45:39,426 --> 00:45:41,437
The Russians on our side.
480
00:45:41,544 --> 00:45:44,378
We, British, are no longer alone in this.
anymore.
481
00:45:47,771 --> 00:47:51,003
Need help on some blanks (*****).