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Restored in 2015
from the original 35 mm negative

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by the Éclair Group
and L. E. Diapason.

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NIGHΤ AND FOG

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00:03:01,807 --> 00:03:04,642
Even a peaceful landscape...

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00:03:06,103 --> 00:03:10,565
even a meadow in harvest
with flights of crows and grass fires...

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00:03:23,203 --> 00:03:26,497
even a road for cars
and peasants and couples,

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00:03:26,707 --> 00:03:30,293
even a resort village
with marketplace and steeple,

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00:03:30,419 --> 00:03:33,045
can lead to a concentration camp.

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Struthof, Oranienburg, Auschwitz,

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00:03:38,552 --> 00:03:41,762
Neuengamme, Belsen,
Ravensbrück, Dachau

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00:03:41,930 --> 00:03:45,182
were names like any others
on maps and in guidebooks.

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00:03:45,601 --> 00:03:48,144
The blood has dried up,
tongues have fallen silent.

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00:03:48,312 --> 00:03:51,272
The blocks are visited
only by a camera.

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00:03:51,398 --> 00:03:55,902
Weeds cover the paths
once trod by prisoners.

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00:03:56,403 --> 00:04:01,490
No current runs through the wires.
No footstep is heard but our own.

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00:04:08,206 --> 00:04:09,707
1 933.

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00:04:11,835 --> 00:04:13,753
The machine gets under way.

18
00:04:36,485 --> 00:04:38,903
A nation must have no discord.

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No quarrels.

20
00:04:46,787 --> 00:04:48,621
They get to work.

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00:04:50,165 --> 00:04:53,417
A concentration camp
is built like a stadium or a hotel:

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00:04:53,585 --> 00:04:56,462
with contractors,
estimates, bids,

23
00:04:56,588 --> 00:04:58,464
and no doubt a bribe or two.

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No specific style -
that's left to the imagination.

25
00:05:01,718 --> 00:05:03,636
Alpine style.

26
00:05:03,804 --> 00:05:05,721
Garage style.

27
00:05:05,889 --> 00:05:07,723
Japanese style.

28
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No style.

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00:05:09,935 --> 00:05:12,645
Architects calmly conceive gates

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to be passed through only once.

31
00:05:15,941 --> 00:05:18,693
Meanwhile,
Burger, a German worker,

32
00:05:18,819 --> 00:05:21,112
Stern, a Jewish student
in Amsterdam,

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00:05:21,989 --> 00:05:24,824
Schmulski,
a merchant in Krakow,

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00:05:24,950 --> 00:05:27,827
Annette, a schoolgirl in Bordeaux,
go about their daily lives,

35
00:05:27,953 --> 00:05:30,788
unaware that
hundreds of miles away,

36
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a place has already
been assigned to them.

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One day the blocks are ready.

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Nothing is missing but them.

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Seized in Warsaw...

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00:05:44,136 --> 00:05:47,972
deported from Lodz, Prague,
Brussels, Athens,

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00:05:48,098 --> 00:05:52,018
Zagreb, Odessa, or Rome.

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00:05:56,106 --> 00:05:58,149
Interned at Pithiviers...

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00:06:00,110 --> 00:06:02,653
rounded up at the Vel' d'Hiv...

44
00:06:04,239 --> 00:06:06,907
members of the Resistance
herded in Compiègne...

45
00:06:08,326 --> 00:06:12,747
those caught in the act
by error or at random

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00:06:12,873 --> 00:06:15,041
begin their journey
to the camps.

47
00:08:16,329 --> 00:08:18,372
Trains sealed and bolted.

48
00:08:18,582 --> 00:08:21,125
A hundred people
crammed into a car.

49
00:08:21,418 --> 00:08:23,460
No day, no night.

50
00:08:23,587 --> 00:08:26,005
Hunger, thirst,
suffocation, madness.

51
00:08:27,382 --> 00:08:30,301
A message drops to the ground,
sometimes picked up.

52
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Death makes its first choice.

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00:08:35,390 --> 00:08:38,642
The second is made on arrival
in night and fog.

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Today, on the same tracks,
in daylight and sunshine,

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we move slowly along,
looking for what?

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00:08:52,824 --> 00:08:56,076
Traces of the corpses that fell out
when the doors opened?

57
00:08:56,244 --> 00:08:59,872
Or of those herded at gunpoint
to the camp's gates

58
00:09:00,123 --> 00:09:02,833
amid barking dogs
and glaring searchlights,

59
00:09:02,959 --> 00:09:05,044
the crematorium's flames
in the distance,

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in a nocturnal spectacle
the Nazis were so fond of.

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The first sight of the camp.
It's another planet.

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00:09:37,410 --> 00:09:39,286
In the guise of hygiene,

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nudity immediately strips
the prisoners of all pride.

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Shaved.

65
00:09:45,752 --> 00:09:47,086
Tattooed.

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00:09:47,921 --> 00:09:49,380
Numbered.

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00:09:50,090 --> 00:09:53,092
Caught up in some
incomprehensible hierarchy...

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dressed in a blue-striped uniform,

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00:09:56,471 --> 00:09:58,722
sometimes classified
as Nacht und Nebel,

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00:09:58,848 --> 00:10:01,183
"night and fog."

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00:10:01,351 --> 00:10:03,352
Political prisoners
with the red triangle answer

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to the green triangle,

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the petty criminals,
masters among subhumans.

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00:10:09,651 --> 00:10:11,610
Above them, the Kapo,

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almost always a common criminal.

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Higher up: the SS, the untouchable,
to be addressed from ten feet away.

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At the top, the Commandant,
presiding from afar over the rites,

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professing ignorance of the camp.

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But then doesn't everybody?

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The reality of these camps,
despised by those who built them,

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unfathomable
to those who endured them -

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we try in vain to capture
what remains of it.

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The wooden barracks

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where people slept three to a bed,

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the burrows where they hid

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and ate furtively,

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where sleep itself
presented a threat -

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no description, no image
can convey their true dimension:

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endless fear.

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One would need the straw mattress,
both pantry and safe,

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the blanket one fought for,
the denunciations and curses,

92
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the orders
relayed in every language,

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the SS suddenly bursting in,
eager to inspect and bully.

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00:11:13,673 --> 00:11:17,426
Of this brick dormitory,
this uneasy sleep,

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we can only show you
the outer shell, the color.

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00:11:50,377 --> 00:11:52,211
Here's the setting:

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buildings that might be
stables, barns, or workshops.

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Arid land
now turned into a wasteland,

99
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an indifferent autumn sky.

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00:12:02,097 --> 00:12:04,348
That's all that's left
for us to imagine

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00:12:04,474 --> 00:12:07,059
a night of roll calls,
of checkups for lice,

102
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a night of chattering teeth.
Getting to sleep quickly.

103
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Woken up with blows, stumbling
in search of stolen clothes.

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5:00 am. Endless roll call
on the Appellplatz.

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The night's deaths
throw the figures off.

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An orchestra plays an operetta march
as prisoners head off

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to the quarry or factory.

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Working in snow,
which turns to icy mud.

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Working in the August heat,
with thirst and dysentery.

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3,000 Spaniards died
building these steps

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leading to
the Mauthausen quarry.

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Working
in underground factories.

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Each month these burrow deeper,
hiding, killing.

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They bear women's names:
Dora, Laura.

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00:13:07,287 --> 00:13:10,956
But these strange
70-pound workers are unreliable.

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The SS keep watching,

117
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stalking them,

118
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herding and searching them
before they return to camp.

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Rustic signs direct everyone home.

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The Kapo counts
his victims for the day.

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00:13:36,816 --> 00:13:41,320
As for the prisoner, he returns
to his haunting obsession: food.

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Soup.

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Each spoonful is priceless.

124
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One spoonful less,
one less day to live.

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Two, three cigarettes
are bartered for a bowl of soup.

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Many, too weak to defend
their ration against thieves,

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wait for the mud and snow
to claim them.

128
00:14:02,842 --> 00:14:07,095
To lie down somewhere at last
and have one's death to oneself.

129
00:14:16,356 --> 00:14:19,024
The latrines, the Abort.

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Skeletons with bloated
stomachs came here

131
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seven or eight times a night.

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The soup saw to that.

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00:14:27,158 --> 00:14:30,577
Woe to him who ran into
a drunken Kapo in the moonlight.

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00:14:31,162 --> 00:14:33,205
Prisoners eyed each other fearfully,

135
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on the lookout
for symptoms grown familiar:

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passing blood meant death.

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00:14:38,503 --> 00:14:42,506
A clandestine market for buying,
selling, and discreet killing.

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One met there,
swapping news and rumors,

139
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organizing resistance groups.

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A society took form,
shaped by terror,

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yet less mad than that
of the SS and its maxims:

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"Cleanliness is heath."

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"Work is freedom."

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"To each his due."

145
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"One louse means death."
Then what of one SS?

146
00:15:12,287 --> 00:15:15,831
Each camp holds surprises:
a symphony orchestra.

147
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A zoo.

148
00:15:20,503 --> 00:15:23,755
Greenhouses where Himmler
nurtures delicate plants.

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Goethe's oak at Buchenwald.

150
00:15:26,926 --> 00:15:30,178
They built the camp around it
while respecting the tree.

151
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An orphanage, transient
but constantly replenished.

152
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A block for the invalids.

153
00:15:40,481 --> 00:15:44,026
The real world,
with its peaceful landscapes,

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the world from before,
might be glimpsed not so far away.

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But for the prisoner
it was an illusion.

156
00:15:51,868 --> 00:15:54,953
For his world was this finite,
self-contained universe

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bound by towers

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from which soldiers kept watch,
endlessly aiming at the prisoners,

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sometimes killing them
out of boredom.

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00:16:15,683 --> 00:16:18,852
Anything is reason enough
for pranks, punishment,

161
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and humiliation.

162
00:16:21,064 --> 00:16:23,023
Roil call lasts for hours.

163
00:16:28,988 --> 00:16:31,323
An untidy bed:
20 strokes of the cane.

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Don't attract attention.
Don't gesture to the gods.

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They have their gallows
their sacrificial ground.

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This yard in Block 1 1
shielded from view

167
00:16:42,126 --> 00:16:45,045
has been set up
for execution by firing squad

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00:16:45,171 --> 00:16:47,422
its walls
protected from ricochets.

169
00:16:48,383 --> 00:16:51,510
Hartheim Castle,
where buses deposit passengers

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00:16:51,678 --> 00:16:54,262
who will never be seen again.

171
00:16:54,514 --> 00:16:59,017
"Black transports" depart at night,
never to be heard of again.

172
00:17:08,027 --> 00:17:10,195
But man is incredibly resilient:

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body consumed by fatigue
the mind works on

174
00:17:12,740 --> 00:17:14,658
hands wrapped in bandages
work on.

175
00:17:14,826 --> 00:17:18,036
They make spoons
puppets that they hide.

176
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Monsters.

177
00:17:22,208 --> 00:17:23,834
Boxes.

178
00:17:26,337 --> 00:17:29,172
They manage to write
to make notes.

179
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Exercise memory with dreams.

180
00:17:34,345 --> 00:17:36,430
Some might think of God.

181
00:17:38,266 --> 00:17:40,350
Some even organize politically

182
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challenging the petty criminals
for control of camp life.

183
00:17:47,525 --> 00:17:50,402
They care
for those most stricken.

184
00:17:50,570 --> 00:17:53,572
They share their own food,
organize mutual help.

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00:17:59,078 --> 00:18:04,082
As a last resort and in anguish
they take them to the hospital.

186
00:18:05,168 --> 00:18:08,086
Getting there gave
the illusion of real illness

187
00:18:08,254 --> 00:18:10,422
and the hope of a real bed,

188
00:18:10,590 --> 00:18:13,425
but the risk
was a lethal injection.

189
00:18:17,680 --> 00:18:20,932
The medicines are a mockery,
the dressings mere paper.

190
00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:24,603
The same ointment is used
on every type of wound.

191
00:18:26,689 --> 00:18:30,108
Sometimes the starving
eat their dressings.

192
00:18:33,404 --> 00:18:36,823
All prisoners ultimately look alike:
indeterminate in age,

193
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dying with eyes wide open.

194
00:18:42,622 --> 00:18:44,790
There was a surgical block.

195
00:18:44,957 --> 00:18:47,751
Lt might almost pass
for a real clinic.

196
00:18:53,341 --> 00:18:55,050
An SS doctor.

197
00:18:57,386 --> 00:18:59,596
A menacing nurse.

198
00:19:03,392 --> 00:19:05,644
There is a façade, but behind it,

199
00:19:06,020 --> 00:19:08,313
needless operations,
amputations,

200
00:19:08,981 --> 00:19:11,149
experimental mutilations.

201
00:19:14,654 --> 00:19:18,573
The Kapos, like the SS surgeons,
can try their hand.

202
00:19:27,625 --> 00:19:31,586
The big chemical factories
send samples of toxic products

203
00:19:32,171 --> 00:19:35,131
or buy a batch of prisoners
for testing.

204
00:19:35,800 --> 00:19:38,009
A few of these guinea pigs survive.

205
00:19:39,011 --> 00:19:40,512
Castrated.

206
00:19:44,058 --> 00:19:46,017
Burned with phosphorus.

207
00:19:50,273 --> 00:19:53,191
The flesh of some
will be marked for life

208
00:19:53,860 --> 00:19:56,027
despite their return home.

209
00:19:58,406 --> 00:20:01,116
Faces of these victims

210
00:20:01,325 --> 00:20:03,159
are filed upon arrival.

211
00:20:11,669 --> 00:20:15,088
Names are recorded too
names from 22 nations.

212
00:20:15,256 --> 00:20:18,216
They fill hundreds of ledgers,
thousands of files.

213
00:20:18,384 --> 00:20:20,427
A red line strikes out the dead.

214
00:20:21,721 --> 00:20:24,931
Prisoners keep these insane,
always inaccurate records,

215
00:20:25,099 --> 00:20:27,726
under the eye of the SS
and privileged Kapos.

216
00:20:27,894 --> 00:20:30,812
These are the bosses
the upper crust.

217
00:20:38,321 --> 00:20:40,363
Kapos have their own rooms

218
00:20:40,489 --> 00:20:44,117
where they can hoard supplies
and receive young favorites.

219
00:20:53,294 --> 00:20:55,128
Nearby,
the Commandant's villa,

220
00:20:55,254 --> 00:20:59,257
where his wife keeps house
and even entertains,

221
00:20:59,425 --> 00:21:01,551
like in any other garrison.

222
00:21:03,471 --> 00:21:06,097
Though they're all perhaps
a bit more bored:

223
00:21:06,265 --> 00:21:08,350
The war just won't end.

224
00:21:10,102 --> 00:21:12,646
At least
the Kapos had a brothel.

225
00:21:13,272 --> 00:21:16,566
Better-fed women
but equally doomed to die.

226
00:21:16,776 --> 00:21:20,946
From these windows some bread
might fall for a comrade outside.

227
00:21:21,781 --> 00:21:25,909
The SS had built the semblance
of a real city with its own hospital,

228
00:21:26,077 --> 00:21:28,286
red-light and residential districts

229
00:21:28,412 --> 00:21:30,664
and yes, even a prison.

230
00:21:39,715 --> 00:21:42,759
No need to describe
what went on in these cells.

231
00:21:44,220 --> 00:21:47,347
Ln cages designed so one could
neither stand nor lie down,

232
00:21:47,515 --> 00:21:50,934
prisoners were tortured
methodically for days.

233
00:21:57,692 --> 00:22:00,318
Air vents don't muffle the cries.

234
00:22:04,657 --> 00:22:06,658
1 942.

235
00:22:12,999 --> 00:22:15,667
Himmler pays a visit.

236
00:22:15,793 --> 00:22:18,670
"We must annihilate,
but efficiently."

237
00:22:18,796 --> 00:22:20,505
Leaving efficiency
to technicians,

238
00:22:20,631 --> 00:22:23,466
Himmler focuses on annihilation.

239
00:22:32,184 --> 00:22:34,477
Plans are reviewed.

240
00:22:36,647 --> 00:22:38,481
Models.

241
00:22:38,607 --> 00:22:41,818
They're carried out,
the prisoners set to work.

242
00:22:45,531 --> 00:22:49,868
A crematorium might look
a bit like a postcard.

243
00:22:50,202 --> 00:22:54,456
Today tourists have their picture
taken in front of them.

244
00:22:54,707 --> 00:22:57,375
Deportation spreads
all over Europe.

245
00:23:02,882 --> 00:23:05,717
Convoys lose their way,
stop, start again,

246
00:23:05,843 --> 00:23:08,553
are bombed,
and arrive at last.

247
00:23:12,308 --> 00:23:14,392
For some, the selection
has already been made.

248
00:23:18,731 --> 00:23:20,899
The rest are sorted out at once.

249
00:23:21,025 --> 00:23:24,027
Those on the left will work,
those on the right...

250
00:23:25,237 --> 00:23:28,907
These pictures were taken
moments before an extermination.

251
00:23:48,385 --> 00:23:51,179
Killing by hand takes time.
Zyklon gas is ordered.

252
00:23:54,016 --> 00:23:57,519
Nothing distinguished the gas chamber
from an ordinary block.

253
00:23:59,063 --> 00:24:03,233
Inside, a fake shower room
welcomed the newcomers.

254
00:24:18,791 --> 00:24:20,667
They locked the doors.

255
00:24:23,796 --> 00:24:25,630
They watched.

256
00:24:35,432 --> 00:24:38,977
The only sign -
but one must know to look for it -

257
00:24:39,145 --> 00:24:41,813
is the ceiling
scratched by fingernails.

258
00:24:42,273 --> 00:24:44,899
Even the concrete tore apart.

259
00:25:08,424 --> 00:25:12,135
When the crematoria
prove insufficient, pyres are set up.

260
00:25:34,450 --> 00:25:38,328
Yet the new ovens consumed
thousands of bodies a day.

261
00:26:31,924 --> 00:26:33,716
Nothing is wasted.

262
00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:37,595
Here are the stockpiles
of the Nazis at war.

263
00:26:37,763 --> 00:26:39,514
Their warehouses.

264
00:26:49,400 --> 00:26:51,734
All this is women's hair.

265
00:27:22,308 --> 00:27:23,933
At 1 5 pfennig a kilo,

266
00:27:24,059 --> 00:27:26,185
they make cloth from it.

267
00:27:35,487 --> 00:27:37,196
From the bones...

268
00:27:47,833 --> 00:27:50,752
they make fertilizer -
at least they try.

269
00:27:50,961 --> 00:27:52,503
From the bodies -

270
00:27:52,713 --> 00:27:54,630
But words fail.

271
00:28:06,143 --> 00:28:09,854
From the bodies
they try to make soap.

272
00:28:12,191 --> 00:28:13,983
As for the skin...

273
00:28:23,952 --> 00:28:25,453
1 945.

274
00:28:25,579 --> 00:28:27,872
The camps
are spreading, are full.

275
00:28:28,040 --> 00:28:31,709
Cities of 1 00,000 inhabitants.
No vacancy anywhere.

276
00:28:31,835 --> 00:28:34,879
Heavy industry takes an interest
in this renewable labor force.

277
00:28:35,047 --> 00:28:38,007
Factories have their own camps,
off limits to the SS.

278
00:28:38,133 --> 00:28:41,386
Steyer, Krupp,
Heinkel, IG Farben,

279
00:28:41,553 --> 00:28:45,223
Siemens, and Hermann Göring
do their shopping there.

280
00:28:45,391 --> 00:28:46,682
The Nazis may win the war.

281
00:28:47,017 --> 00:28:49,769
These new towns
are part of their economy.

282
00:28:49,895 --> 00:28:51,687
But they do lose.

283
00:28:51,939 --> 00:28:55,483
No coal for the crematoria,
no bread for the men.

284
00:28:55,692 --> 00:28:57,944
Corpses overflow
the camps' streets.

285
00:28:58,070 --> 00:28:59,821
Typhus.

286
00:29:00,364 --> 00:29:02,907
When the Allies open the doors...

287
00:29:35,399 --> 00:29:37,108
All the doors...

288
00:30:15,522 --> 00:30:17,857
The prisoners look on,
not understanding.

289
00:30:17,983 --> 00:30:19,317
Are they being freed?

290
00:30:19,526 --> 00:30:22,361
Will everyday life recognize them?

291
00:30:27,659 --> 00:30:30,161
"I'm not responsible,"
says the Kapo.

292
00:30:34,082 --> 00:30:36,834
"I'm not responsible,"
says the officer.

293
00:30:39,129 --> 00:30:41,380
"I'm not responsible."

294
00:30:44,259 --> 00:30:46,802
Then who is responsible?

295
00:31:09,826 --> 00:31:11,619
As I speak to you now,

296
00:31:11,745 --> 00:31:15,331
cold water from the ponds and ruins
fills the mass graves...

297
00:31:16,041 --> 00:31:19,377
a water as cold and murky
as our own faulty memory.

298
00:31:21,630 --> 00:31:23,714
War has dozed off...

299
00:31:24,550 --> 00:31:26,759
one eye still open.

300
00:31:33,767 --> 00:31:38,062
Grass has returned faithfully
to the Appellplatz.

301
00:31:39,106 --> 00:31:42,400
An abandoned village,
still full of menace.

302
00:31:53,704 --> 00:31:55,830
The crematorium
is no longer used.

303
00:31:55,956 --> 00:31:58,416
Nazi scheming
is out of fashion.

304
00:31:59,084 --> 00:32:02,420
Nine million dead
haunt this landscape.

305
00:32:09,094 --> 00:32:11,887
Who among us keeps watch
from this strange watchtower

306
00:32:12,014 --> 00:32:14,724
to warn of the arrival
of new executioners?

307
00:32:15,183 --> 00:32:18,019
Are their faces really
so different from ours?

308
00:32:18,604 --> 00:32:21,981
Somewhere among us
there are still lucky Kapos,

309
00:32:22,107 --> 00:32:25,318
reinstated officers,
and anonymous informers.

310
00:32:25,569 --> 00:32:29,780
There are those who refused
to believe, or only now and then.

311
00:32:30,115 --> 00:32:33,117
We survey these ruins
with a heartfelt gaze,

312
00:32:33,285 --> 00:32:37,163
certain the old monster
lies crushed beneath the rubble.

313
00:32:37,289 --> 00:32:40,625
We pretend to regain hope
as the image recedes,

314
00:32:40,792 --> 00:32:44,003
as though we've been cured
of that plague.

315
00:32:44,171 --> 00:32:48,966
We tell ourselves it was all confined
to one country, one point in time.

316
00:32:49,134 --> 00:32:52,136
We turn a blind eye
to what surrounds us

317
00:32:52,304 --> 00:32:55,431
and a deaf ear
to the never-ending cries...